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引用论文

Yaru Wang, Xueqin Zhang, Ruyue Su, Mingji Chen, Chujing Shen, Hao Xu, Rujie He. 3D Printed Antennas for 5G Communication: Current Progress and Future Challenges. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2023, 100065.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100065.

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1

研究现状

随着5G时代的到来，通信系统逐渐向毫米波和更高频率发展，这就要求天线等5G器件必须具有高增益、宽带宽和低损耗等特性。相较于传统制造，3D打印具有低成本、快速成型、材料利用率高等优势。尤其是，3D打印离散-堆积的制造方式，极其适合复杂异形结构的制备，从而为复杂异形天线的先进制造提供了创新途径。目前3D打印技术可实现多种材料制造天线，包括聚合物、金属、陶瓷和复合材料。所覆盖的天线频率覆盖10GHz的低频甚至太赫兹，可实现最高增益30dBi左右，同时实现高效率的发射与接收。此外，3D打印制造天线可应用于包括5G通讯、GPS、雷达、遥感、卫星等多个领域，是全球无线通讯技术的发展的重要组成。

本综述旨在归纳总结当前各类3D打印天线的研究进展与现状，并对未来可能的发展方向进行一定思考，期待为本领域研究提供一定借鉴与参考。

图1 3D打印天线简介

2

研究难点或瓶颈

材料方面：目前缺少专用于天线制造的3D打印材料；材料的导电性差，损耗高，限制高性能天线的制造。

结构方面：精度和粗糙度的限制影响了3D打印天线的进一步发展。

功能方面：多材料集成系统难以制造，打印精度与打印速度难以同时提高等，影响多功能、高性能微波系统的制造。

图2 3D打印天线的挑战和前景

3

展望

随着5G及未来6G通讯系统的发展，对射频系统中发挥重要功能的天线提出了更高的要求，天线愈加复杂化、小型化以及高集成度，而通过层层堆积的3D打印天线有望满足这些要求。但目前，3D打印天线的发展还存在许多挑战。首先，在材料方面，需要研究新型可控电磁性能的材料、高导电的可打印材料；在结构方面，需致力于解决如何进一步提高精度、降低粗糙度，同时开发新型结构设计；在此基础上，实现多材料3D打印、多尺度3D打印、全3D打印和一体化3D打印，为实现全3D打印的多功能、高性能的微波射频系统提供新的实现方式。

团队带头人介绍

何汝杰，北京理工大学先进结构技术研究院副教授、博士生导师，主要从事结构功能一体化陶瓷增材制造研究。主持国家自然科学基金项目3项、北京市自然科学基金项目1项、及各类国家/国防课题项目10余项。至今以第一作者/通讯作者发表SCI论文110余篇，SCI他引2500余次，H因子32。授权专利10余件。兼任轻量化多功能复合材料与结构北京市重点实验室副主任，中国硅酸盐学会特种陶瓷分会青年工作委员会副秘书长等。担任SCI期刊Int J Appl Ceram Technol副主编，J Adv Ceram编委，Rare Met（《稀有金属》）、J Inorg Mater（《无机材料学报》）青年编委，Materials、Adv Mater Science Eng客座编辑，《材料工程》、《航空材料学报》、《硅酸盐通报》、《陶瓷学报》、《现代技术陶瓷》等期刊编委或青年编委等。2015年，获中国科协首批“青年人才托举工程”；2022年，参与身份获国防科技进步一等奖。

合作团队带头人介绍

徐浩，现任中国计量科学研究院副研究员，从事毫米波太赫兹频段材料电磁特性计量技术研究。近五年来先后主持和参与科技部重点研发计划、自然科学基金等多项课题。起草制定国家计量规程规范3项，发表学术论文10余篇。

团队研究方向

结构功能一体化陶瓷增材制造研究

近年团队发表文章

[1] Yaru Wang, Xueqin Zhang, Ruyue Su, Mingji Chen, Chujing Shen, Hao Xu, Rujie He, 3D printed antennas for 5G communications: Current progress and future challenges, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2023.

[2] Bin Zhang, Xueqin Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Keqiang Zhang, Suwen Li, Ying Li, Gang Wang, Rujie He, Mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al2O3 ceramic plate-lattice structures: Experiments & Simulations, Composite Structures, 2023, 311: 116792.

[3] Qing Zhou, Xiaonan Su, Jianqin Wu, Xueqin Zhan, Ruyue Su, Lili Ma, Qiang Sun, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of bioceramic implants for restoration bone engineering: technologies, advances, and future perspectives, ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2023.

[4] Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Xiong Gao, Suwen Li, Kaixuan Gui, Gang Wang, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced high entropy ceramic matrix composites via paper laminating, direct slurry writing, and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis, Ceramics International, 2023, 49: 7833-7841.

[5] Niping Zhou, Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Xueqin Zhang, Keqiang Zhang, Mingji Chen, Yixing Huang, Rujie He, Daining Fang, Stereolithographically 3D printed SiC metastructure for ultrabroadband and high temperature microwave absorption, Advanced Materials Technologies, 2022, 2201222.

[6] Xueqin Zhang, Keqiang Zhan, Bin Zhang, Ying Li, Rujie He, Mechanical properties of additively-manufactured cellular ceramic structures: A comprehensive study, Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11(12): 1918-1931.

[7] Xueqin Zhang, Keqiang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Ying Li, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing, quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviours of ceramic lattice structures, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42, 7102-7112.

[8] Xingjie Dong, Jianqin Wu, Honglin Yu, Qing Zhou, Wenqing Wang, Xueqin Zhang, Lu Zhang, Ling Li, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride ceramics: a review of advances and perspectives, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2022, 19, 2929-2949.

[9] Qiaoyu Meng, Keqiang Zhang, Shuo Yang, Rujie He, Zhaoliang Qu, Thermal shock resistance of additively manufactured Al2O3 ceramic by in situ digital radiography investigation, Ceramics International, 2022, 48, 30086-30092.

[10] Junjie Lu, Dong Wang, Keqiang Zhang, Suwen Li, Bin Zhang, Xueqin Zhang, Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Ying Li, Rujie He, Mechanical properties of Al2O3 and Al2O3/Al with Gyroid structure obtained by stereolithographic additive manufacturing and melt infiltration, Ceramics International, 2022, 48, 23051-23060.

[11] Wenqing Wang, Lu Zhang, Xingjie Dong, Jianqin Wu, Qing Zhou, Suwen Li, Chujing Shen, Wei Liu, Gang Wang, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites: advances, challenges, and prospects, Ceramics International, 2022, 48, 19542-19556.

[12] Naijia Cai, Qiaoyu Meng, Keqiang Zhang, Luchao Geng, Rujie He, Zhaoliang Qu, Investigation on flaw evolution of additively manufactured Al2O3 ceramic by in-situ X-ray computed tomography, Materials, 2022, 15, 2547.

[13] Xueqin Zhang, Keqiang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Ying Li, Rujie He, Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al2O3 ceramic lattice structures: effects of structural configuration, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2022, 17, 528-542.

[14] Xueqin Zhang, Keqiang Zhang, Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Ying Li, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of cellular ceramic structures: from structure to structure-function integration, Materials & Design, 2022, 215, 110470.

[15] Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, Niping Zhou, Xingjie Dong, Fang Yuan, Rujie He, Low temperature fabrication of Cf/BNi/(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C-SiCm high entropy ceramic matrix composite by slurry coating and laminating combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42, 3099-3106.

[16] Wenqing Wang, Xuejian Bai, Lu Zhang, Shikai Jing, Chujing Shen, Rujie He, Additive manufacturing of Csf/SiC composites with high fiber content by direct ink writing and liquid silicon infiltration, Ceramics International, 2022，48 (3), 3895-3903.

[17] Keqiang Zhang, Qiaoyu Meng, Xueqin Zhang, Zhaoliang Qu, Rujie He, Quantitative characterization of defects in stereolithographic additive manufactured ceramic using X-ray computed tomography, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 118: 144-157.

[18] Guoqian Liu, Changhai Yan, Keqiang Zhang, Hua Jin, Rujie He, Insight into solid loading effects during stereolithography additive manufacturing of Al2O3 ceramics, Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37: 353-360.

作 者：王亚茹

责任编辑：谢雅洁

责任校对： 向映姣

审 核：张 强

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